Bibliography
"The Arrival of the Spanish." Skwirk. N.p., n.d. Web. 8 Nov. 2013. <http://www.skwirk.com.au/p-c_s-56_u-422_t-1110_c-4287/SA/7/The-arrival-of-the-Spanish-Cortes/Conquistadors/Renaissance-and-Reformation/SOSE-History/>. This source is a detailing of how the Spanish Conquistadors treated the native populations of America. This source will help us see how Spain treated the minority populations in it's empire and why they wanted to control these people in the first place. It summarizes why the Spanish were interested in the New World and how they reacted to the land already being occupied by native populations.The source also explains the tensions between the races under Spanish rule.
Barrientos, Alvaro. "The Frame: Running of the bulls." Saacbee. N.p., 6 July 2013. Web. 14 Nov. 2013. <http://blogs.sacbee.com/photos/2009/07/running-of-the-bulls.html>.
Ember, Carol R. "spain countries and their cultures." spain countries and their cultures. Vol. 5. N.p.: n.p., 2006. N. pag. Print. countries and their cultures. This is help us becuase talk about spains culture .It also has a chapter about spains history witch talks about some famous events and leaders that and key info that may be helpful toward us but most are helpful toward finding key info about religion, geography, and government and more.
"Ferdinand II of Aragon." The Greenhaven Encyclopedia of the Renaissance. N.p.: n.p., 2008. 123-24. Print. This source depicts the unification of Aragon and Castile as well as describes how this made it possible to complete the 'Reconquista' of the Ottoman controlled province of Granada toward the south of the now unified kingdom. It also describes the tension between Spain and Portugal over claiming territories in the news world.
Fitzgerald, Peter. "Spain Regional Map." Map. Wikitravel. N.p., n.d. Web. 14 Nov. 2013. <http://wikitravel.org/en/File:Spain_map.png>.
Freeman, Susan Tax. "Spain." Countries and their Cultures. Ed. Carol R. Ember and Melvin Ember. Vol. 4. New York: Macmillan Reference USA, 2001. 2064-85. Gale Virtual Reference Library. Web. 7 Nov. 2013. This article provides information on all aspects of Spain's culture. Geography's influence on the culture and all factors that helped create Spain's culture are in-depthy discussed. This article helps my topic by adressing all of my questions. It provides information on the impact of geography on the region, while also identifying the state's usage of art, architecture, and culture. Every aspect of the culture of Spain is explored. I used almost all of the information on culture and geography. Geography had subtopics specifically about the cultural implications of the geography, these subtopics were especially helpful. The other cultural sections I used were History and Ethnic Relations, Social Stratifications, Political Life, Social Welfare and Change Programs, Gender Roles and Statuses; Marriage, Family, and Kinship; Socialization, Religion, Secular Celebrations, Medicine and Health Care, The Arts and Humanities, and The State of Physical and Social Sciences. I had to narrow down within these articles what only applied to the restricted time period. However this article on the basic principles of all of Spain's culture was greatly helpful. This source is reliable because it is filtered by Gale Virtual Reference Library and it also has a large bibliography for this article specifically.
Iliff, David. "Toledo Skyline Panorama Spain." Wikipedia. N.p., n.d. Web. 12 Nov. 2013. <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Toledo_Skyline_Panorama,_Spain_-_Dec_2006.jpg>.
"Inquisition." The Greenhaven Encyclopedia of Witchcraft. San Diego: Greenhaven, 2002. 144-45. Print. This source provides information on how the Inquisition was started in Spain. It also goes on to explain why this was more than an act of blind hatred and more of a play to secure the power of the Pope and the King and Queen. It shows broadly the attitude toward non-Christians in Europe at the time and the setup by the Pope so that the Inquisition was possible. It also talks about the trials, punishment, and persecution practices of the time to show what exactly the leaders were doing to their people and what veiled reasoning there was behind it.
Isabel la católica. N.d. Illustration. This is a painting of Queen Isabella. Who was a great leader of Spain.
"Isabella of Castile." The Greenhaven Encyclopedia of the Renaissance. Detroit: Greenhaven, 2008. 167-68. Print. Provides background information on the history of Queen Isabella. The article details her rise to power, her rivals, allies, and what she had to do to gain control and unite the Spanish under one flag for the first time since Rome. This important for understanding how it was possible for a relatively small nation such as Spain to expand into a powerful empire during the age of exploration. It also explains how she united Spain with other nations in Europe. Further more it mentions the process in which she acquired Christopher Columbus, and the circumstances that lead to his discovery of the New World.
"Map of the Ibernian Kingdoms." Learnnc. N.p., n.d. Web. 14 Nov. 2013. <http://www.google.com/imgres?sa=X&rlz=1T4GGNI_enUS510US554&biw=1366&bih=641&tbm=isch&tbnid=1CuEWg15urrmsM:&imgrefurl=http://www.learnnc.org/lp/editions/nchist-twoworlds/3.1&docid=1eRHGACc8H1jHM&imgurl=http://www.learnnc.org/lp/media/uploads/2007/09/1492spain.jpg&w=620&h=455&ei=Fe2EUqveFMyi4APJuIDgDw&zoom=1&ved=1t:3588,r:1,s:0,i:84&iact=rc&page=1&tbnh=174&tbnw=237&&ndsp=19&tx=101&ty=97>.
"New Spain, the Viceroyalty of." The Encylopedia of Western Colonization since 1450. N.p.: n.p., 2007. 846-50. Print. This provides a detailed explanation of how the Spanish came to rule over the Aztec and Incan empires. It explains the hierarchy and system of Viceroyalties that were put into place so that the Spanish crown still had control over the population and land that was thousands of miles away. It explains how the local governments operated as well as how the authority figures locally measured up to the orders given by the king.
"Physical Map of Spain." Map. Embassy World. N.p., n.d. Web. 14 Nov. 2013. <http://www.embassyworld.com/maps/Maps_Of_Spain/images/spain_ph_1500.jpg>.
"Spain." Europe. Ed. Timothy L. Gall and Derek M. Gleason. Detroit: Gale, Cengage Learning, 2012. 671-89. Vol. 5 of Worldmark Encyclopedia of the Nations. 13 vols. Gale Virtual Reference Library. Web. 7 Nov. 2013. This is a great supporting source that helps my research by supporting and adding onto my other cultural findings about Spain. The source is a general description of Spain's culture and history. I used the information that was specifically about the culture and politics involved in Spain. The source has some information which I did not find completely useful, but the cultural information was very informative. This source is extremely reliable because it has been filtered through Gale Virtual Library and it is also a multi-volumous set with a bibliography, which shows factual security.
Stock, Jennifer Y., ed. junior world mark encyclopedia of the nations. 7th ed. Vol. 1. N.p.: Gale virtual reference library, 2007. Print. This gives us basic information on the history. Including government, politics and other key information. Most of the book is helpful toward us and it is mostly basic because it can also be used for children trying to learn but yet it is important information for us.
Streissguth, Tom. "Inquisition." The Greenhaven Encyclopedia of the Renaissance. Ed. Konrad Eisenbichler. Detroit: Greenhaven Press, 2008. 165-66. Gale Virtual Reference Library. Web. 7 Nov. 2013. Inquisition is a fantastic article on the Spanish Inquisition's origins and power. I specifically required knowledge on how the state used culture for its own gain. The Inquisition was the first example of a legal, state-supported system that punishes people based on their religious beliefs. Religion is part of culture and the Spanish state used The Inquisition to control their people and how they acted. The entire source holds vastly important information for me. We are studying 1350-1750 specifically and the Inquisition's modern state support began in the early 1300's and ended around the 17th century. This is also very reliable information because it is filtered by Gale Virtual Reference Library. It has been filtered out as a reliable encyclopedia about the Renaissance.
"The Treaty of Tordisallas." Encyclopedia of Western Colonialism since 1450. N.p.: n.p., 2007. 1088-89. Print. This source explains how the Spanish dealt with the competition it faced with Portugal over colonizing the new world. It demonstrated Spain's usual response to the issues of the day, going to the church and the papacy. The treaty divided the non-Christian world between Spain and Portugal, with the exception of already established Christian kingdoms. It explains why Spain colonized and conquered where it did and why it stopped where it stopped.
"Spanish
and Portuguese Empires." Lasalle.
N.p., n.d. Web. 14 Nov. 2013.
< http://www.lasalle.edu/~mcinneshin/325/mapimages/spainportugalempires.png>.
Barrientos, Alvaro. "The Frame: Running of the bulls." Saacbee. N.p., 6 July 2013. Web. 14 Nov. 2013. <http://blogs.sacbee.com/photos/2009/07/running-of-the-bulls.html>.
Ember, Carol R. "spain countries and their cultures." spain countries and their cultures. Vol. 5. N.p.: n.p., 2006. N. pag. Print. countries and their cultures. This is help us becuase talk about spains culture .It also has a chapter about spains history witch talks about some famous events and leaders that and key info that may be helpful toward us but most are helpful toward finding key info about religion, geography, and government and more.
"Ferdinand II of Aragon." The Greenhaven Encyclopedia of the Renaissance. N.p.: n.p., 2008. 123-24. Print. This source depicts the unification of Aragon and Castile as well as describes how this made it possible to complete the 'Reconquista' of the Ottoman controlled province of Granada toward the south of the now unified kingdom. It also describes the tension between Spain and Portugal over claiming territories in the news world.
Fitzgerald, Peter. "Spain Regional Map." Map. Wikitravel. N.p., n.d. Web. 14 Nov. 2013. <http://wikitravel.org/en/File:Spain_map.png>.
Freeman, Susan Tax. "Spain." Countries and their Cultures. Ed. Carol R. Ember and Melvin Ember. Vol. 4. New York: Macmillan Reference USA, 2001. 2064-85. Gale Virtual Reference Library. Web. 7 Nov. 2013. This article provides information on all aspects of Spain's culture. Geography's influence on the culture and all factors that helped create Spain's culture are in-depthy discussed. This article helps my topic by adressing all of my questions. It provides information on the impact of geography on the region, while also identifying the state's usage of art, architecture, and culture. Every aspect of the culture of Spain is explored. I used almost all of the information on culture and geography. Geography had subtopics specifically about the cultural implications of the geography, these subtopics were especially helpful. The other cultural sections I used were History and Ethnic Relations, Social Stratifications, Political Life, Social Welfare and Change Programs, Gender Roles and Statuses; Marriage, Family, and Kinship; Socialization, Religion, Secular Celebrations, Medicine and Health Care, The Arts and Humanities, and The State of Physical and Social Sciences. I had to narrow down within these articles what only applied to the restricted time period. However this article on the basic principles of all of Spain's culture was greatly helpful. This source is reliable because it is filtered by Gale Virtual Reference Library and it also has a large bibliography for this article specifically.
Iliff, David. "Toledo Skyline Panorama Spain." Wikipedia. N.p., n.d. Web. 12 Nov. 2013. <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Toledo_Skyline_Panorama,_Spain_-_Dec_2006.jpg>.
"Inquisition." The Greenhaven Encyclopedia of Witchcraft. San Diego: Greenhaven, 2002. 144-45. Print. This source provides information on how the Inquisition was started in Spain. It also goes on to explain why this was more than an act of blind hatred and more of a play to secure the power of the Pope and the King and Queen. It shows broadly the attitude toward non-Christians in Europe at the time and the setup by the Pope so that the Inquisition was possible. It also talks about the trials, punishment, and persecution practices of the time to show what exactly the leaders were doing to their people and what veiled reasoning there was behind it.
Isabel la católica. N.d. Illustration. This is a painting of Queen Isabella. Who was a great leader of Spain.
"Isabella of Castile." The Greenhaven Encyclopedia of the Renaissance. Detroit: Greenhaven, 2008. 167-68. Print. Provides background information on the history of Queen Isabella. The article details her rise to power, her rivals, allies, and what she had to do to gain control and unite the Spanish under one flag for the first time since Rome. This important for understanding how it was possible for a relatively small nation such as Spain to expand into a powerful empire during the age of exploration. It also explains how she united Spain with other nations in Europe. Further more it mentions the process in which she acquired Christopher Columbus, and the circumstances that lead to his discovery of the New World.
"Map of the Ibernian Kingdoms." Learnnc. N.p., n.d. Web. 14 Nov. 2013. <http://www.google.com/imgres?sa=X&rlz=1T4GGNI_enUS510US554&biw=1366&bih=641&tbm=isch&tbnid=1CuEWg15urrmsM:&imgrefurl=http://www.learnnc.org/lp/editions/nchist-twoworlds/3.1&docid=1eRHGACc8H1jHM&imgurl=http://www.learnnc.org/lp/media/uploads/2007/09/1492spain.jpg&w=620&h=455&ei=Fe2EUqveFMyi4APJuIDgDw&zoom=1&ved=1t:3588,r:1,s:0,i:84&iact=rc&page=1&tbnh=174&tbnw=237&&ndsp=19&tx=101&ty=97>.
"New Spain, the Viceroyalty of." The Encylopedia of Western Colonization since 1450. N.p.: n.p., 2007. 846-50. Print. This provides a detailed explanation of how the Spanish came to rule over the Aztec and Incan empires. It explains the hierarchy and system of Viceroyalties that were put into place so that the Spanish crown still had control over the population and land that was thousands of miles away. It explains how the local governments operated as well as how the authority figures locally measured up to the orders given by the king.
"Physical Map of Spain." Map. Embassy World. N.p., n.d. Web. 14 Nov. 2013. <http://www.embassyworld.com/maps/Maps_Of_Spain/images/spain_ph_1500.jpg>.
"Spain." Europe. Ed. Timothy L. Gall and Derek M. Gleason. Detroit: Gale, Cengage Learning, 2012. 671-89. Vol. 5 of Worldmark Encyclopedia of the Nations. 13 vols. Gale Virtual Reference Library. Web. 7 Nov. 2013. This is a great supporting source that helps my research by supporting and adding onto my other cultural findings about Spain. The source is a general description of Spain's culture and history. I used the information that was specifically about the culture and politics involved in Spain. The source has some information which I did not find completely useful, but the cultural information was very informative. This source is extremely reliable because it has been filtered through Gale Virtual Library and it is also a multi-volumous set with a bibliography, which shows factual security.
Stock, Jennifer Y., ed. junior world mark encyclopedia of the nations. 7th ed. Vol. 1. N.p.: Gale virtual reference library, 2007. Print. This gives us basic information on the history. Including government, politics and other key information. Most of the book is helpful toward us and it is mostly basic because it can also be used for children trying to learn but yet it is important information for us.
Streissguth, Tom. "Inquisition." The Greenhaven Encyclopedia of the Renaissance. Ed. Konrad Eisenbichler. Detroit: Greenhaven Press, 2008. 165-66. Gale Virtual Reference Library. Web. 7 Nov. 2013. Inquisition is a fantastic article on the Spanish Inquisition's origins and power. I specifically required knowledge on how the state used culture for its own gain. The Inquisition was the first example of a legal, state-supported system that punishes people based on their religious beliefs. Religion is part of culture and the Spanish state used The Inquisition to control their people and how they acted. The entire source holds vastly important information for me. We are studying 1350-1750 specifically and the Inquisition's modern state support began in the early 1300's and ended around the 17th century. This is also very reliable information because it is filtered by Gale Virtual Reference Library. It has been filtered out as a reliable encyclopedia about the Renaissance.
"The Treaty of Tordisallas." Encyclopedia of Western Colonialism since 1450. N.p.: n.p., 2007. 1088-89. Print. This source explains how the Spanish dealt with the competition it faced with Portugal over colonizing the new world. It demonstrated Spain's usual response to the issues of the day, going to the church and the papacy. The treaty divided the non-Christian world between Spain and Portugal, with the exception of already established Christian kingdoms. It explains why Spain colonized and conquered where it did and why it stopped where it stopped.
"Spanish
and Portuguese Empires." Lasalle.
N.p., n.d. Web. 14 Nov. 2013.
< http://www.lasalle.edu/~mcinneshin/325/mapimages/spainportugalempires.png>.